Does Pineapple Make Oral Sex Taste Better

The effect that pineapple has on oral sex depends on how often you eat pineapple, the impact of other foods in your diet, your overall health, and other factors. In general, eating fruit causes bodily secretions to taste sweeter. Anecdotal evidence and a few small studies indicate that pineapple might have the biggest effect. Its no surprise that what you eat affects the way you taste. After all, the feed given to animals affects the flavor of the meat. Therefore, it makes sense that what you eat affects how you taste, particularly your bodily secretions, including seminal and vaginal fluids. There are a few studies on the topic and numerous blog posts sharing personal experiments. Two small studies include the pineapple sex test, conducted at porkandgin.com, and a review of online data from the Kinsey Institute. The limited data finds that male ejaculate and female vaginal secretions are affected by pineapple. It doesnt seem to matter whether the pineapple is fresh, canned, or juiced. The effect isnt noticeable immediately after eating a few bites of pineapple. Most respondents saw a definite effect after eating pineapple for several days. The impact relates in part to the way ​food affects mucus production and composition. Chemicals in foods you eat are found in most secretions, including perspiration and breast milk as well as semen and vaginal fluid. Key Takeaways: Pineapple and Oral Sex The foods you eat affect the taste of bodily secretions, so they can have an effect on oral sex.Research indicates eating pineapple may make secretions taste sweeter.Other foods also influence body chemistry, including scent and flavor. Foods That Might Make You Taste Sweeter (or Not) In addition to pineapple, other foods reputedly change your body chemistry enough to alter the flavor of semen and vaginal fluid. These tend to be foods high in acidity or sugars and include: WaterLiqueurs (but not so much alcohol as to cause dehydration)PineappleDried fruitFresh berriesKiwi Foods high in chlorophyll (wheatgrass, celery, parsley) got mixed reviews. Several websites recommended them, but they didnt cite their sources, and none of the bloggers who tested them detected much effect.  Another key factor is your hydration level.   Just as some foods might make you taste better, others might have a negative impact, increasing bitterness. You and your partner might wish to limit: SmokingCoffeeBroccoli, cauliflower, asparagus, and other Brassica sp.High levels of preservatives in foodsCertain drugs (specifics were not given)Onions, garlic, and other Allium sp.  (believed to be related to sulfur compounds) There were mixed reviews concerning fish, red meat, dairy, and beer. Anecdotally, it would appear that eating meat is not a negative factor, as long as a persons diet regularly includes fresh fruits and vegetables. Foods That Affect How You Perceive Flavor Your perception of flavor relies on chemoreceptors. Compounds in the foods you eat not only affect your secretions and chemical composition but your ability to taste chemicals. The enzyme bromelain in pineapples is a protease that literally dissolves proteins in your mouth, causing a prickly sensation and limiting your ability to perceive flavors. The miracle berry (Synsepalum dulcificum) makes sour foods taste sweet. The berry contains a glycoprotein named miraculin that binds to receptors on taste buds. Sour foods are acidic, so they lower the pH inside the mouth. At low pH, miraculin activates sweet receptors. The effect lasts until saliva rinses away the protein, which takes about half an hour. Sodium lauryl ether sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate are  surfactants in toothpaste that lower surface tension of fluid inside your mouth. This is great when youre brushing away bacteria, but the surfactants also wash away phospholipids that coat your tongue. The result explains why orange juice tastes vile if you drink it right after brushing your teeth. Incidentally, youd get the same effect if you washed your mouth out with soap containing these common ingredients. Artichoke, on the other hand, makes food taste sweeter. This results from a chemical reaction with the cynarine and chlorogenic acid in the plant. Cynarine inhibits your ability to taste sweet flavors, but the chemical is displaced by the next food you eat, automatically making it taste sweet. If you want to conduct your own experiment, review the scientific method and do it right!

Marijuana Essay - 837 Words

Marijuana Wether you call it Hemp, Mary Jane, Pot, Weed; it doesnt matter. It is still Cannabis Sativa, or cannabis for short. And it is still illegal. The use of marijuana as an intoxicant in the United States became a problem of public concern in the 1930s. Regulatory laws were passed in 1937, and criminal penalties were instituted for possession and sale of the drug. Marijuana refers to the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant, which contains the non-narcotic chemical THC at various potencies. It is smoked or eaten to produce the feeling of being high. The different strains of this herb produce different sensual effects, ranging from a sedative to a stimulant. The term marijuana is a word with indistinct†¦show more content†¦This charcoal may be burned in todays coal-powered electric generators. Methanol makes a good automobile fuel, in fact it is used in professional automobile races. It may someday replace gasoline. Marijuana has many medical purposes also. The cannabis extract was available as a medicine legally in this country until 1937, and was sold as a nerve tonic-but mankind has been using cannabis medicines much longer than that. Marijuana appears in almost every known book of medicine written by ancient scholars and wise men. It is usually ranked among the top medicines, called panaceas, a word which means cure-all. The list of diseases which cannabis can be used for includes: multiple sclerosis, cancer treatment, AIDS (and AIDS treatment), glaucoma, depression, epilepsy, migraine headaches, asthma, pruritis, sclerodoma, severe pain, and dystonia. This list does not even consider the other medicines which can be made out of marijuana-these are just some of the illnesses for which people smoke or eat whole marijuana today. There are over 60 chemicals in marijuana which may have medical uses. It is relatively easy to extract these into food or beverage, or into some sort of lotion, using butter, fat, oil, or alcohol. One chemical, cannabinol, may be useful to help people who cannot sleep. Another is taken from premature buds and is called cannabidiolic acid. It is a powerful disinfectant. Marijuana dissolved in rubbing alcohol helps people with the skin diseaseShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Marijuana And Marijuana Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana or Cannabis is one of the bused drugs in America and the rest of the world. Interesting accumulating evidence show that the significant negative impact of this drug outweighs the positive effects. However, the medical benefits of the drug seem on the process of chemical compounds as compared to the drug itself. Medical debates show that chemical compound in marijuana are the problem as compared to the plant. The said chemical compound affects the mental and physical health of the personsRead MoreThe Cons Of Marijuana And Marijuana1449 Words   |  6 PagesEmma Biggs/Regalia Political Studies 22 October 2014 The Cons of Cannabis Although it is a highly common defense that marijuana is not addictive, it in fact is. Many regular smokers find themselves ridden with very similar withdrawal symptoms of a tobacco addict (Marijuana Addiction Symptoms and Effects). Around 9% of people who use find themselves dependent on marijuana (Is Marijuana Addictive?). That may not seem like much, but that is almost 1 in every 10 people hooked on a drug that is supposedlyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana For Marijuana2792 Words   |  12 PagesThe legalization of marijuana in America Overview Issue The new events of legalizing marijuana for recreational use has increased controversy in the United States, those against it say it was bad enough before when it was merely allowed for medicinal use and now that these new laws and rules are really infuriating those who are against it. However on the flip side people are also arguing that now that it is allowed for recreational use people it will lessen crime rates, related to selling and buyingRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesof medical marijuana. However, the amount of licensed medical marijuana card holders was small until 2009, when the U.S Attorney General gave the prosecution and legalization of marijuana over to the states. After this, the number of medical marijuana licenses increased greatly in Colorado. Then, in 2012, the sale of recreational marijuana was legalized in Colorado, to all those over the age of 21, and retail stores began selling marijuana in 2014 (Monte). Public opinion on Marijuana is generallyRead MoreMarijuana Laws Restrict The Growth And Use Of Marijuana1513 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is â€Å" the dried leaves and female flowers of the hemp plant, used in cigarette form as [a] narcotic or hallucinogen.†(â€Å"Marijuana†) In the 17th century, marijuana production was encouraged and supported by U.S. legislation. Later, â€Å"during the 19th century,[marijuana] use became a fad in France and also, to some extent, in the U.S.†(â€Å" Marijuana Timeline†). During the 1920’s and 1930’s, the drug raised fears linked with illegal immigrants and criminal activity. (â€Å"Marijuana Timeline†). ThenRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana862 Words   |  3 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana, is a plant which when consumed has psychoactive effects. It is believed to have been first used in the 3rd millennium BCE in what is now modern-day Romania (Rudgley). Throughout history, it has been known to b e used during rituals and ceremonies, becoming an important aspect of numerous cultures. It has become illegal to possess, sell or use marijuana in various countries beginning in the 20th century, despite that it’s used quite commonly. According to a UnitedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is not a recent discovery, but the mysteries surrounding the controversial topic in question remains to be disputed since its prohibition. Classified as an illegal substance, cannabis has been restricted in Canada and around the world. Marijuana is a complex drug and its contradictory claims of medical purposes, and harmful destruction, fuel the debate on whether or not the legal constraints of consuming marijuana should be reconsidered. In consideration of academicRead MoreThe Origns of Marijuana726 Words   |  3 Pages Coca, and Poppy). Therefore, Marijuana should be removed from the criminal justice system. Legalizing and regulation marijuana can bring cash crop under the criminal justice law, bring in jobs, medical use, and overall create economic opportunities to The United States of America. There has been reports of marijuana being less harmful than alcohol or tobacco. According to the British research foundation two deaths worldwide can be directly caused by marijuana, yet 150,000 people die from alcoholRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana628 Words   |  2 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Marijuana, the plant of the cannabis, has been around since the early 1900’s. Throughout history, marijuana has been used illegally, for both recreational and medical uses. Recently, marijuana has been used for medicinal purposes, like aiding HIV/AIDs patients, healing migraines and controlling nausea caused by chemotherapy. Today, there are currently 21 American states that have legalized medicinal marijuana including two states that have legalized recreational marijuana. Since

Great Gatsby Color Symbolism Essay Example For Students

Great Gatsby Color Symbolism Essay The Hidden Story in Green and White Color symbolism is really popular in novels written during the 1920s. One such example is Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby. There is much color symbolism in this novel, but there are two main colors that stand out more than the others. The colors green and white influence the story greatly. Green shows many thoughts, ideas, attitudes, and choices that Gatsby has throughout the story. White represents the stereotypical faade that every character is hiding behind. The color green, as it is used in the novel, symbolizes different choices the character, Gatsby, can make during his life. The green element in this novel is taken from the green light at the end of the dock near Daisys house. The color itself represents serenity, as in everything is perfect. This warns Gatsby that he should not pursue his dream for getting Daisy back, because his chance has passed and everything is as it should be. This is shown with Nicks insight, His dream must h ave seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him (Pg.189) Another symbolization of the color green, which contradicts the first, is the meaning go. As in a traffic light signal, most people associate green with the word and action go. This can be interpreted as meaning Gatsby should go for his dream without hesitation. It implies that Gatsby and Daisy are meant to be together and nothing should stop Gatsby from his destined happiness and love with Daisy. It inspires hope for Gatsby that he is on the right path, heading towards the best years of his life. He believes that things will soon be as they once were, only better. Im going to fix everything just the way they were before, he said nodding determinedly. Shell see.(Pg. 117.) The last symbolization the color green has in this novel is an urge to strive ahead in life, to do better in life and succeed. Gatsby changes his entire persona for a better, more sociable, image and s tatus. He is constantly striving to be a more successful figure in society. Ever since he was a boy he put himself on a schedule with hopes for becoming a highly respected, well-known person. He knew he had a big future in front of him. (Pg. 181), his dad says about him. Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always had some resolves like this(Pg. 182). White is the other color symbolism interlaced into this novel. Where green only influenced one character, white has a wider range of influence on the characters. This color symbolizes one thing, a faade, but it appears in every character. For example, Daisy is always seen wearing white, which gives her and innocent naive appearance. It is as though she uses that as an excuse for when she does something ridiculous or childish, making it seem like she does not know any better. In reality, she knows exactly what she does but just doesnt care. She uses this little princess image and her money to hide her biased, snobbish, and conceited view of herself and her lifestyle. They were careless people, Tom and Daisythey smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together(Pg. 187-188). Another character that hides behind the white symbolic faade is Jordan Baker. She also wears white quite often. She acts as though she is superior to everyone around her. Her posture, her attitude, and even the things she says imply this arrogance. She was extended full length at her end of the divan, completely motionless and with her chin raised a little as if she were balancing something on it which was quite likely to fall. If she saw me she me out of the corner of her eyes she gave no hint of it-indeed I was almost surprised into murmuring an apology for having disturbed her by coming in. (Pg.13). She portrays a bored and apathetic attitude about everything, which is part of her I am too good for you appearance. In reality, she .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 , .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .postImageUrl , .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 , .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396:hover , .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396:visited , .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396:active { border:0!important; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396:active , .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396 .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube4467d23c8e7740364397d986df8396:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Metamorphosis: Life as a Bugman Essay

Social media invasion of privacy free essay sample

What happen to the days of writing a letter, personal conversing, or talking on the telephone? With the invention of social media these conventional ways of communication has become almost non-existed. I could recall my middle school years of writing love letters to little girls and passing funny notes to others students in the classroom. Technology has made communication less interpersonal and more complex. Love letters would only be known to the girls who read and receive them. Yes, some of the girls may tell and allow some of their friends to read the letters, but its far better for maybe 10 or 20 people to be aware of my personal feelings compared to the millions who could potentially access to it if I were to post it on a Facebook page. How did communication become so less interpersonal? Technology is slowly emerging into critical stages of invasion and negligence of personal privacy. We will write a custom essay sample on Social media invasion of privacy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Web 2.0 allows people to communicate with each other without speaking one word. The creation of Web 2.0 allows social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter possible. â€Å"Web 2.0 allows you to read and write content on web pages. The visitors to Web 2.0 pages are the ones responsible for creating the value and content (Bowles, 2013). We are responsible for the value and content, but who is responsible for the way someone may view a comment which is posted on Facebook or an idea which is tweeted on Twitter. Close friends and family member may laugh at a post which could avertedly maybe frown upon by a stranger. This intuitive creation of communication (Web 2.0) could be both a blessing and a curse depending on who is viewing it. These social media sites make me contemplate on the privacy aspect of peoples posts and tweets. With the increase of technology in social media, I find myself constantly questioning the safety of everyones personal feelings, emotions, and overall being. An ounce of discretion is worth a ton of privacy settings (Awl, 2009, pg.52). Facebook has many components which would conserve ones privacy, yet there are loops holes and ways around these privacy prevention procedures. Someone is unfa miliar with  the website may find themselves becoming a victim of privacy invasion. For example, if I would like to see a profile of someone is not my friend, yet we have a mutual friend, all I would have to do is go through that mutual friends friend list and view the profile of unfriend people of interest. The proper privacy setting would prevent this from happen, but those who are not aware of these settings may not know unfriend members of Facebook maybe viewing their page. This includes their posts, photos, and other material which may not be appropriate for unfriend individuals. The vast moments and increased technology of social media sites may lead to the depletion of personal privacy. â€Å"Bad behavior on Facebook can have real-world consequences (Bowles, 2010). Most of these real-world consequences are a result of invasion of privacy, or the negligence of the user to perform privacy setting precautions. Are you aware that some Social networking websites (SNS) such as Facebook and Twitter trade people’s personal information to marketers for a fee? â€Å"It is projected that US marketers will spend over $2 billion on advertise on SNS, while Facebook will receive around $1 billion from advertisers world-wide in 2011(eMarketer, 2010). SNS sites can also generate revenues by supplying mountains of their subscribers’ personal information to marketers, recruiters, and any interested party. There exists an abuse of subscribers’ disclosed privacy information for purposes they did not approve of† (O’Brien, 2010; FTC 2010b). With the right amount of money, anyone’s privacy could be compromised. I would always wonder why I would receive spam and junk emails from advertisers which I was not even aware existed. My Facebook account provides these advertisers my email address, in exchange for a profit. After reading this article, I was upset at the providing of my personal information without my acknowledgment. How much does Facebook really value their subscribers to make such a disturbing and unlawful disclosure? I believed a site where someone feels is trustworthy and honorable would be so deceitful and undermining. Facebook and Twitter offering subscriber’s personal information is not the only method of privacy invasion. Hacking and becoming a cyber-predator is  also a method of receiving people’s personal information without their knowledge. â€Å"Two Pew Internet Project surveys show that 73% of online teens and 72% of young adults use social network sites (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith Zickuhr, 2010).† â€Å"Popular media and trade press have been voicing the concerns of government and privacy advocacy groups, but they are also creating a myth that teenagers and young adults could care less about their online privacy (e.g., O’Brien, 2010; Dvorak, 2010).† â€Å"Another Pew Internet Project survey indicates that 71% of social networking users ages 18-29 had changed the privacy settings on their profile to limit what they share with others online (Madden Smith, 2010).† â€Å"One of the first quantitative studies to evaluate young adults’ online privacy attitudes also concludes that young people ages 18-24 have aspiration for increased privacy like older Americans (Hoofnagle, King Li, Turow, 2010). Some allow themselves to become â€Å"sitting ducks† waiting for the attack of hackers or cyber-predators .Most SNS requires people to come up with a user name and password in order to personalize and protect it. A lot of people make the simple mistake of coming up with a password which is easily accessible. Most people use their birthday or a nick name as their password. As stated earlier, personal information such as a birthday could be accessed through a marketer, recruiter, or any person of interest. If I was to portray myself to be a marketer or recruiter, I could easily obtain someone who is subscribed to a particular SNS birthday or other personal information; hereby attaining their password to the SNS page. We as SNS users should eliminate ourselves from becoming victims of personal information invasion by creating user names and passwords more difficultly to receive by hackers or cyber-predators. Gaining personal information is not the only aspect of privacy invasion, but many employers tend to invade the privacy of their employees as well. Delaney said, â€Å"If a user chooses to post the publicly on Facebook that is his or her choice. Yet there have been many situations where the employers have requested or even required applicants for employment or employees to provide their user name and password to online social networks to which they belonged. Some situations may also involve employers asking an applicant or  employee to log into their Facebook account to allow the employer to search through the account. Even worse, some employers have refused to hire an applicant or disciplined or discharged employees, based on a refusal to supply the information† (Delaney, 87). I could not phantom someone, nevertheless an employer, viewing everything on my Facebook account. My employer looking at everything from my inbox messages, party photographs, and friends list would be unbearable. It is one thing to judge me based on my work performance, but to judge me based on personal items which should be kept private is entirely a different ordeal. Organizations and employees are so quickly to discharge or penalize employees because of violating a signed confidentiality form, but would violate employees privacy without any penalty, consequences, and at times consent. Why should employees be held to higher standards or have more morals than their employers? There should be equal respect for privacy between the employer and the employee. The lack of personal privacy should be one of the major complaints listed in an organizations 360-evaluation report. The invasion of personal privacy by the usage social media may seem minor to some, but those who are affected by it view it as a huge ordeal. Businesses and employers use social media as a device to determine employment or to discharge employees are some who are affected by it. People who have had their Twitter or Facebook page hacked or had been victims of cyber-predators are affected by it. Those who have been sold out by their SNS to marketer, recruiters, or other group of interested for a profit also have been affected by it. With all of these methods of invading personal privacy makes me contemplate my usage of social networks. With the increase of technology, SNS should apply more settings which decrease the changes of cyber-predators or hackers intruding on subscribers personal privacy.SNS should also find optional means of obtaining income without using subscribers personal information as collateral. Employers should not use a potential employees Facebook account as a rubric for deciding employment. Limiting what is said in an inbox message to a friend infringes on and violates our First Amendment Right which grants the freedom of speech.

Biological therapies phobic disorders free essay sample

One biological therapy for phobic disorders is chemotherapy. Drug therapies include Anti-Anxiety drugs, Beta blockers and Antidepressants. They aim to alter abnormal behaviour by intervening directly in bodily processes (helps with the symptoms). Those that experience psychological problems or show disturbed behaviour patterns go to their family doctors. The first line of treatment is medical. Drug therapies are most common for treatment for phobias. An example is anti-anxiety drugs which treat phobias by reducing anxiety levels. Benzodiazeopines (BZs) slow down the activity of the central nervous system by enhancing the activity of GABA, a neurotransmitter that has a general quieting effect on many of the neurons in the brain. It does this by locking into GABA receptors on the outside receiving neurons, which opens a channel to increase the flow of chloride ions into the neuron. Chloride ions make it harder for the neuron to be stimulated by other neurotransmitters, thus slowing down its activity and making the person feel more relaxed. We will write a custom essay sample on Biological therapies phobic disorders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page BZs have been shown effective. For example Kahn et al (1986) found that BZs were better than just using a placebo treatment, which suggests they have some pharmacological value, and Hildago et al (2001) found that BZs had better results than SSRIs. A second example is beta blockers (BBs) which are used to reduce the activity of adrenaline and noradrenaline which are part of the sympathomedullary response to stress. Beta Blockers bind to receptors on the cells of the heart and other parts of the body that are usually stimulated during arousal. By blocking these receptors, it is harder to stimulate cells in these parts of the body, so the heart beats slower and with less force, and the blood vessels do not contrast as easily. This results in a fall in blood pressure, and so less stress on the heart. The person taking the medication will feel calmer and less anxious. Research has also shown that BBs can be effective treatment for phobias. For example, Liebowitz et al (1985) demonstrated that BBs provide an effective means of anxiety control. Kindt et al (2009) found that BBs also suppress memory and suggest in particular that they may interfere with the emotional content of memories. Therefore, an additional advantage is that BBs lead to forgetting of fearful memories that would reduce subsequent anxiety in the same situation. However some studies have shown that the benefits may be largely explained in terms of placebo effect. For example Turner et al found no difference between a BB and placebo group in terms of reduced heart rate, feeling of nervousness etc. In terms of appropriateness, a limitation is that addiction can be a problem for BZs, even when low doses are given, they should only be given for a maximum of four weeks (Ashton ,1997). Drugs can’t provide a complete treatment as they focus on symptoms not causes. This may lead to symptoms substitution because the real cause isnt dealt with and a new set on symptoms may appear. A second issue is side effects. BZs in particular are linked to problems such as increased aggressiveness and long term impairment of memory. BZs have also been linked to addiction. Finally there is an issue of informed consent because patients are not always informed about the fact that drugs may not actually be much better than placebos. Therefore, they are not giving truly informed consent. When considering appropriateness it is also relevant to think of the strengths of drug therapies. They offer an easy solution for patients, requiring little effort. And some drug treatments (such as BBs) have fewer problems with, for example, side effects and addiction. So not all drug treatments have the same limitations. Another biological therapy for phobic disorders is psychosurgery. Psychosurgery is a surgical intervention that aims to treat a behaviour for which no pathological cause can be established. In the case of psychosurgery it is believed that an area of the brain is malfunctioning, and if the connection to this part of the brain is severed, then psychological symptoms may be relieved. An example of psychosurgery is capsulotomy and cigulotomy which are two operations performed to treat anxiety disorders. They functionally remove the capsule and the cigulum which are both part of the limbic system which is the area of the brain associated with emotion. Such operations are irreversible and are only performed as a last resort. A second example is deep brain stimulation (DBS) which involves placing wires in target areas of the brain. It involves no destruction of tissue although the wires are permanent. They wires are attached to a battery and when this is switched on it interferes with the brain circuits in the region of the capsule and cigulum, resulting in a reduction of symptoms. Research support for the effectiveness of psychosurgery comes from Ruck et al (2003). Ruck studies 26 patients who had been suffering from non-obsessive anxiety disorders for over 5 years and has experienced considerable reduction in their psychological functioning and had tried numerous treatment options. After a capsulotomy was performed, assessments were conducted and followed up again a year later. The mean pre-operative anxiety score started at 22. 0 but dropped to 4. 6 indicating a successful outcome showing that psychosurgery, (capsulotomy in particular) is effective. However, the negative symptoms were greater than expected. For example, seven patients attempted to commit suicide after the surgery and there were two recorded cases of epileptic seizures. The researchers concluded that while capsulotomy may be effective, it is expensive and has the potential for extremely adverse effects. Therefore any benefits clearly have to be weighed against the potential for negatives. Further to this, psychosurgery is rarely suitable for phobias and then only for extreme cases that have proved otherwise untreatable, and that interfere with normal day to day functioning. Szasz (1978) criticised psychosurgery generally because a person’s psychological self is not something physical and therefore it is illogical to suggest that it can be operated on. This shows that because everyone is individual and unique, their mind is intangle and not interactive, so it is not always appropriate to use psychosurgery. Lastly, the use of psychosurgery can be applied to the real world. Research has suggested that it may be possible to erase fearful memories, which could be a useful method of treating phobias. For example, Stehberg et al. (2009) have blocked memory consolidation in rats using a form of deep brain stimulation, and suggest this could lead to a novel treatment of a traumatic memory that underlie anxiety disorders. Further to this, Kindt et al. (2009) found that giving beta blockers to patients during an experiment resulted in a reduced fear response while placebos did not give the same reaction. This shows that that the use of biological therapies is effective in treating phobias.

Eating Disorders Essays - Eating Disorders, Health, Psychiatry

Eating Disorders Essays - Eating Disorders, Health, Psychiatry Eating Disorders Did you know that 90% of women dislike the way they look? And its all because of the media and their emphasis on the ideal figure of a woman. Supermodels like Kate Moss and other Barbie-doll-figure-inspired women grace the cover of magazines all over the world promoting a perfect shape. Girls of all ages think that this is what people want to see. They think that this is what they should look like and try to set impossible goals for themselves to look like covergirls. As a result, many women in North America suffer from psychological illnesses. Among the most common are eating disorders such as Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. Anorexia and Bulimia generally arise in young women, but may also occur in older females and occasionally in men. People suffering from any of these sicknesses usually suffer from low self esteem. Victims may think things such as, my life would be better if I lost weight, or they may think that people would like them better if they were thinner. They may feel incapable and tell themselves, I never do anything right, or feel that nothing I ever do is enough. When they look in the mirror, victims see fat staring at them, no matter how thin and bony they may look to others. When shown pictures of themselves, Anorexia and Bulimia patients realize how thin they are but still are dissatisfied with their shape when they go to look in the mirror. Sufferers may lie about how much, how little, or when and where they have eaten so as not to admit to themselves or to others that they have a problem. They may also lie about vomiting and the use of laxatives. Depression or mood swings may also be symptoms of eating disorders. Lack of motivation, feeling isolated and alone, and having the feeling of no self-worth can lead to suicide. Eating disorders are commonly caused by a chemical imbalance in the victims brain. Everyone has a chemical in their brain called Seratonin. This is what controls your appetite. In Bulimia patients, this chemical is deficient and so they keep eating and eating. At that point they feel guilty and have the urge to dispose of the consumed food either by vomiting or having a bowel movement promptly after eating. Subsequently, their Vasopressin level increases and eventually takes over, making the disposal of food the norm. The opposite occurs in Anorexia patients. The Norepinephrine chemical in their brain is deficient. Norepinephrine is the appetite stimulant. In their case, they have no desire to swallow anything for fear of becoming obese. Compulsive Overeating is another eating disorder although not as common as Anorexia or Bulimia Nervosa. Patients eat uncontrollably and gain a considerable amount of weight. And unlike Anorexia and Bulimia patients, Compulsive Overeaters are mostly male. Compulsive Overeaters eat mainly to cope with stress and anything that may be disturbing them. They, like Bulimics, understand that they have a problem. Most overeaters are people who were not taught how to deal with stressful situations. As Compulsive Overeating is not yet taken as seriously as other eating disorders, patients are directed to diet centers and health spas, but in the end, Compulsive Overeating can have the same consequences as Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa. The most serious consequence being death. Nevertheless, it can be conquered with therapy and counseling. If they knew what eating disorders do to their bodies, patients would seek help much sooner. In Anorexia patients, fatigue, lack of energy, and Amenorrhea are very common physical problems, as are hair loss, infertility, osteoporosis (caused by lack of calcium) and depression. The same goes for those who suffer from Bulimia. Also, Bulimia patients may have rotted teeth (caused by excessive vomiting), cathartic colon (caused by laxative abuse), and inflammation of the pancreas. There are many more physical consequences that victims may encounter upon suffering from these afflictions. People who suffer from Anorexia and Bulimia are silently killing themselves. These sufferers are mostly women, but a growing percentage of men are beginning to catch on to this terrible disorder. They try to convince themselves that there is nothing wrong, but deep down they know that what they are doing is

Countries Cooperation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Countries Cooperation - Essay Example This is the subject matter of this study where we examine the possibility of the world uniting to ensure global warming is slowed down. The ancient individuals realized this need to protect their resources as they new that overuse would lead to extinction which would obviously lead to the suffering of the entire society. A study of the ancient African nations shows that the societies would circle their fields and ensure that these areas were only used by the members of that particular area. This was one way of ensuring that their resources were safeguarded against misuse by the other societies. Having ensured that the societies safeguarded their resources which at the time included grazing land and water resources, there was need to ensure that the members of society properly utilized their resources with every member being mindful of the other. This again led to the societal definition of the use of property to ensure that the resources lasted long enough to meet the individual requirement. The need necessitated control of possessions by controlling the number of cattle that an individual owned. The need for an individual to own additional cattle was subject to discussion by the rest of the community. The individual it should be noted was only allowed to own additional cattle if the environment could cater for the additional cattle. Thus, the rule of supply and demand was long applied where the demand was necessitated by the cattle number and the supply was the natural endowments. This shows the need for cooperation in ensuring that the society benefited in a time when civilization was not anywhere in the vicinity and when individuals never interacted beyond the societal level. Besides, these societies in Africa had no idea of such earlier scholars such as Karl Marx who had first pointed out the need to cooperate in the use of collective property. The rules were passed because the human character has all along known to be self-centered in the sense that others needs are secondary to their own need. The other thing is that humans are generally competitive and what they compete for is scarce thus the need to control the scarce resources. As no such thing would be achieved through participation of isolated individuals, then the need to have individuals cooperate has always been key in ensuring that these resources are preserved and sparingly used for all of us and those to come. In the view of James Madison an 18th century economist, the scarcity of resources has necessitated the need to have a federalist government which stands for the need of the entire society and which ensures the unity and association of all individuals for their own good. He further observes that were all men angels, there would be no need to have a government as we would all be considerate of each other. However, the existence of even a single non angel would obviously necessitate the existence of a government. The actions of the non angels have this effect that they will always try to get the entire property to build a competitive advantage and on realization of the intention by the rest, they will obviously join in the competition for the resources. Thus, the need for the government to create a workable distribution system that balances the needs and interests of the individuals. From this illustration, there are two apparent things; for