Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark - 1869 Words

ABSTRACT I, with all my interest and will decided to do my term paper on one of the most controversial yet diversely analysed work of literature that is Hamlet, Prince of Denmark written by the ever greatest man in history of English literature, William Shakespeare.The aura of this play is not at all questionable. The essence it captures down throughout every single scene and dialogues is undeniably recommendable. But in spite of these the play, according to may of the critics is somewhere an artistic failure when it comes to define the over all boundaries of work as an art.The play revolves around the theme of Revenge and it is believed that somehow it is an adaptation as most of the scenes are parallel to that of Spanish Revenge Tragedy by Thomas Kyd. Hamlet as a work of art denies certain rules like that of very important one that is Objective Correlative, the theory given by an American painter Washington Allston in 1840 but revised and was popularised by the famous literary critic, T.S Eliot in 1919. Then and there he discussed the flaws in Hamlet and specifically the concept of objective correlative. In his essay Hamlet and His Problems, he discusses all the major points he found superfluous. KEY WORDS: Hamlet, William Shakespeare, Artistic failure, Revenge Tragedy, Objective correlative, Hamlet and His Problems. HAMLET AS AN ARTISTIC FAILURE. Hamlet, Prince ofShow MoreRelatedHamlet, Prince of Denmark825 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, Prince of Denmark By William Shakespeare Submitted by: Tariq Khan Dated: Monday, 24th September, 2012 Hamlet as a Tragedy by William Shakespeare 1.1. Brief Introduction to Tragedy: Greek and English: Elizabethan tragedy is traced back to Greek tragedy, since Greeks are said to have pioneered the Western knowledge, be it Science, Arts, or Humanities—not necessarily Technology. The rich contribution of Greek dramatists like Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus and AristophanesRead MoreHamlet, Prince Of Denmark1798 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet, Prince Of Denmark is by far one of the best known of William Shakespeare’s works and, may well be the most famous English-language play ever written. Categorized as one of Shakespeare’s â€Å"later tragedies,† it has developed a reputation as a difficult work to analyze. The Character of Hamlet is, perhaps, one of the most compelling characters to ever rise from the pages of English literature. He has been subjected to numerous interpretations and studies over the centuries, his actions thoughtsRead MoreHamlet, The Prince Of Denmark1891 Words   |  8 Pages Hamlet is one of William Shakespeare s most iconic plays about a tragedy. The play begins with Hamlet mourning the death of his father and ends with a hefty amount of corpses. The cause of the multiple deaths may be from Hamlet s decisions that formed from questioning that which is unknown to him. Throughout the Shakespearean play, Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, as well as the audience, are placed in a constant state of uncertainty.While Hamlet grieves his father s death many things start toRead MoreHamlet, Prince Of Denmark, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 PagesThe famous tragedy entitled Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often abbreviated to Hamlet and written at the turn of the seventeenth century, was the playwright William Shakespeare’s longest play and among the most influential works to exist in English literature. The play dramatizes the poisonous intents of the demonically brilliant king of Denmark, Claudius, a man so driven by greed and lust for his brotherâ€⠄¢s, King Hamlet’s, throne, wife and supremacy that he commits the ultimate act of fratricide, consequentlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark1740 Words   |  7 Pages Shakespeare’s tragedies are filled with many commonalities: violent murders, treachery and revenge. However, while Hamlet, Prince of Denmark portrays these same ideas, it effectively fights against the traditional expectations of a Shakespearean tragedy. The play centers on Hamlet’s attempts to avenge his father’s murder, yet his greatest struggles are against himself. Stemming from his constant desire to plot a perfect revenge, Hamlet’s obsessiveness often leads to frustration. Shakespeare usesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark1584 Words   |  7 Pages The drama Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is a renowned play that was written by William Shakespeare, it portrays love, tragedy, gluttony, and of course vengeance. Hamlet is a character that was perhaps the best dramatic person to be created in such a play. He is, in fact, irresponsible, however careful, polite, yet rude, affectionate, but cruel. People may, in fact, feel that this play is troubling, or maybe overwhelming, on the other hand, William Shakespeare possibly wrote this play over an incidentRead MoreQuestioning the Sanity of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince of Denmark987 Words   |  4 Pages In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, we, as readers, increasingly question the sanity of the protagonist, Hamlet, as the play continues. His seemingly psychotic banter with the other characters of the play begins to convince us that Hamlet is, indeed, insane. Hamlet, however, states, â€Å"How strange or odd soe’er I bear myself, as I perch ance hereafter shall think meet to put an antic disposition on† (1.5.171). He specifically tells Horatio and Marcellus that he will be actingRead MoreThe Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare1230 Words   |  5 Pageswrote his longest, most influential and powerful tragedy, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play stages the revenge that a young prince seeks against his uncle for murdering his father, inheriting the throne, and subsequently marrying his mother. Prince Hamlet, a university student, is an extremely philosophical and thoughtful character. When his father the King of Denmark dies, Hamlet returns home only to be presented with evidence that suggests his uncleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, The Prince Of Denmark985 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark has remained to be the most astonishing of William Shakespeare’s tragedies. It is widely known to be considered as a philosophy or drama based play, but moral center is universally acknowledged. The characters in Hamlet persistently struggle with the power of their consciences, as they are tempted to satisfy their innermost desires. Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark, is bestowed upon the strenuous task of taking justice into his hands to avenge hisRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark884 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters and situations. The writer creates these characters with personality to fulfil their story with drama. The play â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† by William Shakespeare consists of many dramatic characters. The main character, Prince Hamlet, is a troubled college student who is mourning the death of his father and disagreeing with the marriage of his Uncle to his mother. Hamlet be gins to seek revenge on his Uncle, and new step-father, but his madness begins to show Hamlet’s motives. Analyzing Hamlet’s

Zen Gardens Essay Research Paper The art free essay sample

Zen Gardens Essay, Research Paper The art of garden-making in Japan goes back to the sixth century, when hill and pool gardens were introduced from China and Korea, where blue bloods gathered to bask poesy and games alongside a watercourse. Nipponese monastics further developed gardens into a high art over 100s of old ages of temple horticulture. They emptied their heads of secular distractions and came to cognize themselves in their gardens. Rocks and Stones bring powerful symbolism to a Zen garden. The Godheads of Nipponese Zen gardens have strong grasp of rocks- striking stones with character. The dateless quality of stone can be contrasted with the unstable quality of sand # 8211 ; to show both the permanency and permanency and changeableness of the universe. Formations of stone may be composed to resemble a mountain scope in illumination, while smaller groups can typify the Isles of the Blessed in the Western Seas. Some of the most popular and powerful stone groupings in Nipponese gardens are those that represent the Crane and polo-neck. We will write a custom essay sample on Zen Gardens Essay Research Paper The art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But these representations remain intentionally obscure because it is up to the looker-on of the Zen garden to near each agreement of rock separately. You may set any stones in the garden you wish # 8211 ; some that are bizarre or fiery, saintly, heroic or level like a boat. Rocks one time chosen, are non merely placed on the surface but buried two-thirds into the land, to look as natural outcrops. The way of the stones borders and ridges and their overall arrangement in relation to each other are carefully considered to let the free ex pression of their natural energy. Rocks are composed of uneven Numberss of rocks, positioned in a triangular form to make an asymmetrical balance – a symmetrical balance is considered out of kelter with nature. The figure three is considered auspicious and represents heaven, Earth and humanity. A perpendicular stone is used to typify heaven as the strata of the stone points heavenwards ; a stone placed with its interruption lines horizontally symbolizes Earth ; and a diagonally placed stone represents humanity. Nipponese garden Masterss besides regard the Numberss seven and five as auspicious and stones in Zen gardens are arranged with this in head. Naturally happening stones are neer the same form and size, therefore it would be incorrect non to hold a assortment of otherwise shaped stones and bowlders in your garden. Rocks are the foundation of the garden. Sand in the stone garden creates simpleness and repose. Normally the sand, typifying the empty head, is raked in whirl, resembling the manner H2O edges rocks and islands. The whirl can leave a feeling of ramping or soft lapping H2O, depending on their design. The sand besides symbolizes the ocean around the island of Japan while the stones placed in the garden, represent Japan itself. Assorted colourss of sand can besides be used as in existent stone gardens # 8211 ; black to give an imposing formality, brown for a subdued and refined expression and the purest white to put off the stones even more starkly. Spontaneity and experimentation are the key. The Zen garden is after all a establishing tablet # 8211 ; a topographic point where ideas take off from and come back to.

Limitless A Memoir About Theater free essay sample

It was the end of scene two, and I had been in the hair-and-makeup lounge for the past thirty minutes. Now, I was standing at the door waiting to begin my scene. We had been rehearsing for months. Although we had gone over the play a total of six times that day, only now did my heart attempt to escape from my body, pounding frantically and sending ripples of trembles through my body in every direction. It was fear, it was anticipation, and as soon as the door opened, it was gone. In those few steps from the door to the aisle between the audience, I had become Jacob Marley of Charles Dickens’ famous A Christmas Carol. As I took that ghostly walk down the aisle, the rattle of the chains wrapped around my body drew all eyes to me. Under any other circumstances, I would have dropped the chains and ran all the way home, but this was different. We will write a custom essay sample on Limitless: A Memoir About Theater or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was no longer Lundyn; I was Jacob Marley there to warn Scrooge of his future. It was all just a practical joke until that moment. I had half-heartedly auditioned for the role of Ebenezer Scrooge and ended up being Jacob Marley. I attended every rehearsal and followed all the directors’ instructions, but none of it really struck me until that moment. It was terrifying, to have the doors open and have all eyes on me. But it was amazing to become an individual I was not and cherish the opportunity and moment. I was Jacob Marley, and I commanded the audience’s attention with every chain-rattling step I took. Prior to that moment, I had always been that quiet girl who was completely satisfied being trapped in her own miniscule and confined bubble of silence. Now, not only did I desire the attention, but I also fully embraced it. It was an everlasting moment that only the beauty of nature can ever define. As I spoke the words I had rehearsed countless times, I delivered them with precise diction and liberated them from my heart and soul. Appreciating this very moment, I observed as the audience glazed at me with the static eyes of a hawk. Unphased by my initial anxiety, the moment appeared infinite. The moment appeared in slow motion, and I wanted it to last. A rush of adrenaline provided me with renewed energy, diminishing my anxiety. I had felt limitlessly powerful, but no words can ever describe the wonderful feeling I experienced. In that very moment, although my character had been wrapped up in chains, I had come to realization that I was completely unrestrained.

Genetically Modified Food

Genetically Modified Food Introduction There is increasing debate regarding the likely benefits of modern biotechnology, and particularly of genetically modified food in assisting to attain society’s development and food security goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Genetically Modified Food specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The challenge facing decision makers is to understand what the technology can achieve, or has achieved elsewhere and to identify what prospects the technology presents to society (Jones, 2011). There are three key concerns. First, whether or not genetically modified food provides a sustainable food security alternative; second, what the inferences are of genetically modified food for bio-safety in addition to for human safety and health; and third, the level of current society capability of undertaking research, and efficiently track and assess genetically modified (GM) food and the role that such food plays in ou r society (Scoones, 2009). Genetic modification methods enable new features to be initiated into microorganisms, livestock and crops. These techniques can be utilized to enhance productivity in addition to their capability of resisting a number of diseases. Genetic adaptation is being utilized in the wildlife field with a view of creating disease tolerance, wood quality characteristics and herbicide tolerance (Lesley, 2010). Hence, genetically modified food is frequently viewed as the solution to food shortages. However, attaining food sufficiency is about more than simply ensuring crop productivity (Jones, 2011). There is significant ambiguity regarding the influence on human and environmental wellbeing, and as well whether GM food will offer a sustainable alternative to food issues. This paper focuses entirely on the role that genetically modified food plays in our society and its environmental implications. Role of genetically modified (GM) food As resources for public industry r esearch reduce, and the aspects that enhance private industry establishment and desires turn out to be rooted in international governance approaches, the growth of genetically modified technology and application appears definite.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The challenge for decision makers is that of responding to this indecision regarding the comparative chances and risks posed by genetically modified food: the challenge is whether to accept these novel technologies and face criticism for lack of safety measure, or to call for comprehensive research of likely threats and face criticism for not succeeding to act swiftly (Malatesta, 2008). There are concerns regarding the genetically modified crops being developed. The aim of the developers of nutritionally improved varieties is that of distributing these crops broadly in developing nations. Population growth in s uch nations creates an enormous dilemma not only to food security but also to nutrition security, with 94% of world population anticipated to happen in the developing nations (Lesley, 2010). Accordingly people have to ask: could such advancements in food sector be a promising method of improving the wellbeing of millions of people globally? The following are the roles played by genetically modified food in the society. Food security There are critical variations between the forms of genetically modified crops that are being integrated into developing and developed nations. In developing nations, genetically modified crops would be nutritionally improved and would be utilized in ensuring the people are getting sufficient nutrients, rather than being focused on growing outputs. In developed world, genetically modified crops have been generated to benefit developed nations and to increase the commercial value of specific product like tomatoes that have been engineered for controlled ma turing (Lesley, 2010). In the past decade, macronutrient deficiency has been recognized as the main cause of various health issues in developing nations. Around the globe, over one billion individuals do not get adequate vital nutrients and minerals and are considered underweight. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has approximated that 14% of the total population do not have access to a sufficient quantity of food, with less than billion being undernourished. Three in seven children are malnourished and 40% have delayed growth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Genetically Modified Food specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is powerful proof that the key insufficiencies are zinc, iron and vitamins. More than two billion individuals are iron deficient; worldwide, over 116,000 maternal deaths each year are associated with malnutrition (Jones, 2011). Solution to malnutrition One alternative that has indicated promise entails nutritionally enhanced food. It as well has the capability to be used as an instrument for enhancing the growth and nutritional value of the staple crops that make up the main food in various developing nations. The International Service for the Acquisition of Biotechnology Applications (ISABA) is a nonprofit global agency that creates awareness among shareholders on the advantages of biotechnology in improving the level of living for people in developing world (Seshia, 2009). Genetically modified food can enhance the nutritional value of the staple food that lacks some: micronutrients like iron; macronutrients like amino acids; and vitamins like vitamin A. Such a technology could enable individuals in developing world to get a more balanced meal. There are some staple crops that are being technologically engineered or are in development. For example, rice is a significant staple for numerous individuals around the globe, making up 81% of the daily con sumption of 50% of the globe’s population. Rice is an elevated energy giving food, but it has nutrient shortages and is not a sufficient source of vitamin A. Genetically modified rice could be an alternative for people that are lacking vitamin A (Jones, 2011). Chronic diseases The utilization of genetically modified food in developing world could lower the level of chronic diseases by enhancing nutritional content. Genetically modified food could reduce underweight, with small improvements in the cognitive capability, hence lowering an individual’s capability of working.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cost of food directly influences an outsized percentage of the population. Genetically modified food would enable people to utilize less pesticide, therefore aiding the environment, lowering productivity investments and making farming less labor intensive. This would, in turn, lower the price for consumers (Malatesta, 2008). Environmental implications Threat evaluation is linked to how to analyze, control or prevent harmful forces originating from the doubtful traits of GM food and processes. To be efficient, these evaluations require tackling all merits and demerits, and not being limited to economic costs and profitability. It needs to tackle immediate and future benefits and costs, in addition to opportunity costs like the impact on the environment. Field tests and how GM crops react in situations similar to those following actual release are an important process in the analysis procedure, enabling food developers to deal with challenges cropping up. They play a critical task to identify threats and create a chance for alleviation and modification before full release (Jones, 2011). Most national threat study models aim at threat-benefit evaluations that are based on financial cost-benefit kind investigation. Generally, they utilize constricted technological approaches, which aim at the features of the system and the resultant GM organism, the appearance and characteristics of the GM food and the physical traits of the recipient environment (Malatesta, 2008). Increased utilization of herbicide-resistant genetically modified crops may create fresh threats for environmental wellbeing. For instance, glyphosate is a key chemical of genetically modified crops and is now the world’s best selling herbicide. Because of the introduction of genetically engineered crops, environmental implication of the chemical is anticipated to increase. However, there is powerful proof that this formulation contains chemicals that are severely harmful to the environment ( Lesley, 2010). There are also fresh environmental threats from genetically modified food. The environmental implications of such therapies are largely known. On the other hand, the inclusion of genes from one crop into another may cause environmental impacts, particularly where users are not knowledgeable concerning the origins of such crops (Jones, 2011). Conclusion Creating a sustainable policy that guarantees food security, does not cause harm to the biodiversity or environment, and enhances human health has to be a priority for developing world. Developing countries are faced with the choice of whether genetically modified food can be a solution to food security, and if so, how to manage the threats and implications related to GM technology. To evaluate the alternatives, developing world needs to take into account the likely gains from potential output benefits and a reduction of the need for chemical utilization against the environmental implications. References Jones, M. (2011 ). Key challenges for technological development and agricultural research in Africa. IDS Bulletin, 36(2), 46-51. Lesley, H. (2010). Factors determining the public understanding of GM technologies. Biotechnology, 6(1), 1–8. Malatesta, M. (2008). A long-term study on female mice fed on a genetically modified soybean: effects on liver ageing. Chemical Cell Biology, 130(5), 967-77. Scoones, I. (2009). Governing technology development: Challenges for agricultural research in Africa. IDS Bulletin, 36 (2), 109-114. Seshia, S. (2009). Plant variety protection and farmers’ rights in India: Law-making and the cultivation of varietal control. Economic and Political Weekly, 37(27), 741-726.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

English - Essay Example The conditions that shaped the plays of Sophocles shall also be looked into. These shall enable an exploration of the main concern of this paper, which is to examine the role of the agency of the tragic protagonists of these plays, Othello and Oedipus, in their own downfall. This shall include a reference to the ideas of free will and predetermination, a debate that had great political, intellectual and religious value during the Renaissance. How this contrasts with the pre-Christian world of Sophocles shall be looked into and these issues shall be incorporated into the main thesis of the paper. The paper shall thus, attempt a comparison of the two plays, Othello and Oedipus, by examining the social, cultural and political situations that shaped these plays. This paper shall thus, place both these plays in their contexts and try to analyze how the concept of tragedy as propounded by Aristotle undergoes a change in the intervening time-period. Othello and Oedipus: Agency and Fate Othe llo and Oedipus are two of the most famous characters in the history of tragedy. Timeless in their appeal, these two tragic heroes are as similar as they are different. In a sense, Othello represents the evolution of the tragic hero from a world-order that gave precedence to fate over the will of man, to one where he undergoes a fall as a result of his own actions. This signals a transition to a world-order where man is considered to be the supreme being, one where he is considered a being who is able to create his own destiny. Oedipus is considered to be the most perfect tragedy that has ever been written. In fact, it is by citing this play that Aristotle explains his theories regarding tragedy as a form of drama. Peripeteia, the tragic revelation that the tragic hero experiences at the climax of the play that sends him hurtling to his doom, is explained by Aristotle using examples from Oedipus, where he describes it as â€Å"a change from ignorance to knowledge, and thus to eithe r love or hate, in the personages marked for good or evil fortune† (Aristotle 30). Peripeteia for Oedipus is preceded by inaction, an inaction that stems from an inability to change his fate. This is evident from the predictions that the oracle makes. As Harold Bloom points out, it is significant that the oracle does not merely predict that Oedipus would commit some heinous crime but specifies every detail of it. Harold Bloom warns against readings that see Oedipus as a free man, since that entails a neglect of the oracle’s warnings, which form a very important part of the plot of the play (Bloom 141). The oracle stands for the religious forces that controlled, and were controlled by fate. For Aristotle, these forces represent the â€Å"good or evil fortune† that he talks about in The Poetics. Fate for Oedipus represents a course of action that he cannot avoid, as is seen from the events in the play, where significantly, none of his actions have as a direct conse quence the murder of his father, or incest. Oedipus's knowledge of the prophecy of the oracle too cannot mitigate the misery that fate holds in store for him. Ironically, it is the knowledge of the prophecy that leads Oedipus towards the land of his birth. Throughout the story of Oedipus, we see him being willed towards the ultimate outcome of the play without his knowledge of

Booming of Real Estate Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Booming of Real Estate Market - Essay Example t could be seen as a growth in the economic condition of a country while might also be attributed to be a temporary ‘real estate bubble’ that will not survive for long. This boom or bubble is not only the matter of highly developed countries, rather these surging property prices could easily be noticed even in developing individual countries of the world. This paper provides an insightful study in the growth of real estate market at an international level as well as for individual countries. This paper is an investigation into the booming of real estate market in many countries of the world relating the heightening prices to the most important factor i.e., demand, and then moving beyond to other factors contributing to the growth of this trend or bubble at such a level. The major causes behind the property market bonanza observed in several countries could also be related to some macroeconomic indicators in a particular country. However, the apprehensions concerning the existence of a ‘market bubble’ should also not be ignored. Hence, this discussion is also included in the spectrum of our study of real estate market boom. Real estate market comprises a bunch of residential and non-residential sectors of the economy including housing and commercial construction sector (i.e., offices, houses, apartments, retail buildings, and also dams, bridges, roads etc), brokerage sector and real estate financing, investment and management sector etc. Thus there is an interlinked array of economic activities involved in real estate market. Real exchange property, in particular residential property is the pre-eminent asset category around the globe. It is the asset on which almost every household expends a substantial portion of income regardless of nation, caste and creed. Therefore, housing is the greatest sector contributing to the economic condition in the world. According to the US Department of Commerce (Bureau Of Economic Analysis), In the United States, the

Post Civil War South Essay Example for Free

Post Civil War South Essay After the war, the South was devastated and it was going to take a lot of money and a lot of rebuilding for it to be self-sufficient again. It financially and architecturally succeeded in reinventing itself and in the thirty five years following the war, Southern iron, steel and textile industries emerged, with Railroads leading the South’s industrial expansion. The Southern economy grew and prospered, although it could never quite compete with the North in innovations or wages. Now that there were almost 4 million freed slaves living in the South and a huge population of poor white people, there was plenty of cheap labor and business owners took full advantage of the fact. What kept the South from a strong Industrial development was the inability of the White men to work alongside the freed slaves. Attitudes toward the freed slaves had not changed and were getting progressively worse. Black Southerners were barred from working in industrial jobs and only a small percentage of White Southerners were employed in these jobs, therefore expansion could not take place. The South started on the right course and for a period of time it looked like the New South had risen but hatred towards the Black Southerners was the industrial development downfall with The South still strongly depending on agriculture as the economy stabilizer. Supposedly, the New South was based on rich natural resources, economic opportunity and increased racial equality, but after the North removed military control in the South in 1877, the Southern White Democrats went to work at changing their states constitutions and establishing legal barriers that kept the Black Southerners from voting. By 1913 new laws had been enacted, known as the Jim Crow laws, the made it unlawful for Black Southerners to comingle with White Southerners everywhere. Violence and Intimidation was the face of the New South now as Black Southerners and White Southerners competed for the same jobs. Lynching’s, beatings, false imprisonment and raping of the Black Southern women was all the freed slaves had to look forward to now, some of the same treatment many had to endure as slaves. Racial Segregation was fully embraced by the White Southerners and lthough the slaves had been freed, the South had completely failed in their quest for racial equality being a sign of the New South. http://www. civilwaracademy. com/reconstruction. html How did the culture of the Plains Indians, specifically the Lakota Sioux, change in the late 19th century? The Lakota Tribe first acquired horses in the 1700’s and it changed their way of life as they knew it. Over the next 200 years, they saw even more significant changes, but none of them good. Their original warfare between other tribes was never to acquire lands or control people but to obtain more horses, as the Lakota directly equated honor with the number of horses they had. Their warfare strategy changed as the white man encroached on their territory, threatened their buffalo and pushed them out of their lands. To them, their way of life was changing and the attitude became that of â€Å"kill or â€Å"be killed†, protecting family and possessions at any cost. Buffalo was a major source of food, shelter and material items that the Lakota relied heavily on to sustain them. As the White man encroached on the Lakota Territory, they felt that if they eradicated the Buffalo, the Lakota Tribe would be easier to manage and beat down. With the Government policy in the mid 1860’s being that of confining all Indians to reservations, the Establishment of the Great Sioux Reservation through the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty was proposed. This would drastically change their way of life and make them dependent upon the government to survive. The treaty proposed the following: * Set aside a 25 million acre tract of land for the Lakota and Dakota encompassing all the land in South Dakota west of the Missouri River, to be known as the Great Sioux Reservation; * Permit the Dakota and Lakota to hunt in areas of Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota until the buffalo were gone; * Provide for an agency, grist mill, and schools to be located on the Great Sioux Reservation; * Provide for land allotments to be made to individual Indians; and provide clothing, blankets, and rations of food to be distributed to all Dakotas and Lakota’s living within the bounds of the Great Sioux Reservation. The majority of the Lakota males did not sign this treaty and since the government did not keep their end of the bargain and broke treaty many times as it suited them, numerous battles were fought while they tried to keep their independence. Eventually the Lakota tried to live on the reservation and by the government’s guidelines, but without horses or guns, they could not hunt and the rations promised to them were either always late or didn’t show up at all. The Lakota were encouraged towards self-sufficiency by imposed farming, and the government did everything it could to â€Å"civilize† the Tribe by making them dress in American traditional clothing and outlawing their rituals and ceremonies.